Harrison's Manual of Medicine
MITRAL STENOSIS (MS)
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ETIOLOGY
Most commonly rheumatic, though history of acute rheumatic fever is now uncommon; rare causes include congenital MS and severe calcification of the mitral annulus with extension onto the leaflets.
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ETIOLOGY
Most commonly rheumatic, though history of acute rheumatic fever is now uncommon; rare causes include congenital MS and severe calcification of the mitral annulus with extension onto the leaflets.
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