The most common causes of death in both men and women are heart disease and cancer, with lung cancer the top cause of cancer death, despite common misperceptions that breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women. These misconceptions perpetuate inadequate attention to modifiable risk factors in women, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cigarette smoking. Furthermore, since women in the United States live on average about 5 years longer than men, the majority of the disease burden for many age-related disorders (e.g., hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease [AD]) rests in women.