OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis is defined as a reduction in the strength of bone that leads to increased risk of fractures. It is defined operationally as a bone density that falls 2.5 SD below the mean for a young normal individual (a T-score of <–2.5). Those with a T-score of <1.0 (osteopenia) have low bone density and are at increased risk for osteoporosis. The most common sites for osteoporosis-related fractures are the vertebrae, hip, and distal radius.
Osteoporosis is a common condition in the elderly; women are at particularly high risk. In the United States, 8 million women and 2 million men have osteoporosis; an additional 18 million have osteopenia. The annual incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures is at least 2 million; almost half of them are vertebral crush fractures, followed in frequency by hip and wrist fractures. Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity (thromboembolism) and a 5–20% mortality within a year.
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Citation
Kasper, Dennis L., et al., editors. "OSTEOPOROSIS." Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20th ed., McGraw Hill Inc., 2020. harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623442/all/OSTEOPOROSIS.
OSTEOPOROSIS. In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, et al, eds. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623442/all/OSTEOPOROSIS. Accessed December 30, 2024.
OSTEOPOROSIS. (2020). In Kasper, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., Jameson, J. L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.), Harrison's Manual of Medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill Inc.. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623442/all/OSTEOPOROSIS
OSTEOPOROSIS [Internet]. In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, Longo DLD, Jameson JLJ, Loscalzo JJ, editors. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. [cited 2024 December 30]. Available from: https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623442/all/OSTEOPOROSIS.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - Harrison's Manual of Medicine
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PB - McGraw Hill Inc.
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