Harrison's Manual of Medicine
SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SIADH)
ETIOLOGY
Excessive or inappropriate production of AVP predisposes to hyponatremia, reflecting water retention. The evaluation of hyponatremia is described in Chap. 1: Electrolytes. Etiologies of SIADH include neoplasms, lung infections, CNS disorders, and drugs (Table 172-1).
| Neoplasms | Neurologic |
| Carcinomas | Guillain-Barré syndrome |
| Lung | Multiple sclerosis |
| Duodenum | Delirium tremens |
| Pancreas | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| Ovary | Hydrocephalus |
| Bladder, ureter | Psychosis |
| Other neoplasms | Peripheral neuropathy |
| Thymoma | Congenital malformations |
| Mesothelioma | Agenesis corpus callosum |
| Bronchial adenoma | Cleft lip/palate |
| Carcinoid | Other midline defects |
| Gangliocytoma | Metabolic |
| Ewing’s sarcoma | Acute intermittent porphyria |
| Head trauma | Pulmonary |
| Infections | Asthma |
| Pneumonia, bacterial or viral | Pneumothorax |
| Abscess, lung or brain | Positive-pressure respiration |
| Cavitation (aspergillosis) | Drugs |
| Tuberculosis, lung or brain | Vasopressin or desmopressin |
| Meningitis, bacterial or viral | Chlorpropamide |
| Encephalitis | Oxytocin, high dose |
| AIDS | Vincristine |
| Vascular | Carbamazepine |
| Cerebrovascular occlusions, hemorrhage | Nicotine |
| Phenothiazines | |
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis | Cyclophosphamide |
| Genetic | Tricyclic antidepressants |
| X-linked recessive | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| (V2 receptor gene) | Serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
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Citation
Kasper, Dennis L., et al., editors. "SYNDROME of INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SIADH)." Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20th ed., McGraw Hill Inc., 2020. harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623415/all/SYNDROME_OF_INAPPROPRIATE_ANTIDIURETIC_HORMONE__SIADH_.
SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SIADH). In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, et al, eds. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623415/all/SYNDROME_OF_INAPPROPRIATE_ANTIDIURETIC_HORMONE__SIADH_. Accessed February 1, 2025.
SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SIADH). (2020). In Kasper, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., Jameson, J. L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.), Harrison's Manual of Medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill Inc.. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623415/all/SYNDROME_OF_INAPPROPRIATE_ANTIDIURETIC_HORMONE__SIADH_
SYNDROME of INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (SIADH) [Internet]. In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, Longo DLD, Jameson JLJ, Loscalzo JJ, editors. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. [cited 2025 February 01]. Available from: https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623415/all/SYNDROME_OF_INAPPROPRIATE_ANTIDIURETIC_HORMONE__SIADH_.
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