Sudden onset of a neurologic deficit from a vascular mechanism: ∼85% are ischemic; ∼15% are primary hemorrhages (subarachnoid [Chap. 20: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage] and intraparenchymal). An ischemic deficit that resolves rapidly without radiologic evidence of an infarction is termed a transient ischemic attack (TIA); 24 h is a commonly used boundary between TIA and stroke, although most TIAs last between 5 and 15 min. Stroke is a leading cause of neurologic disability in adults; ∼150,000 deaths annually in the United States. Much can be done to limit morbidity and mortality through prevention and acute intervention.