Chapter 16: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a topic covered in the
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DEFINITION AND ETIOLOGY
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops rapidly and includes severe dyspnea, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemia; it typically causes respiratory failure. Key diagnostic criteria for ARDS include (1) diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on CXR; (2) PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen in mmHg)/FIO2 (inspired O2 fraction) ≤300 mmHg; (3) absence of elevated left atrial pressure; and (4) acute onset within 1 week of a clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms. Although many medical and surgical conditions can cause ARDS, most cases (>80%) result from sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, multiple blood transfusions, gastric acid aspiration, and drug overdose. Individuals with more than one predisposing factor have a greater risk of developing ARDS. Other risk factors include older age, chronic alcohol abuse, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, and overall severity of critical illness.
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Citation
Loscalzo, Joseph, et al., editors. "Chapter 16: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 19th ed., McGraw Hill Inc., 2017. harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623057/all/Chapter_16:_Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome.
Chapter 16: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Loscalzo J, Jameson JL, Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. 19th ed. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2017. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623057/all/Chapter_16:_Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome. Accessed December 15, 2019.
Chapter 16: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. (2017). In Loscalzo, J., Jameson, J. L., Longo, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Fauci, A. S., & Kasper, D. L. (Eds.), Harrison's Manual of Medicine. Available from https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623057/all/Chapter_16:_Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome
Chapter 16: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [Internet]. In: Loscalzo J, Jameson JL, Longo DL, Hauser SL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, editors. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2017. [cited 2019 December 15]. Available from: https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623057/all/Chapter_16:_Acute_Respiratory_Distress_Syndrome.
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