Chapter 108: Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Yeasts (e.g., Candida, Cryptococcus) appear microscopically as round, budding forms; molds (e.g., Aspergillus, Rhizopus) appear as filamentous forms called hyphae; and dimorphic fungi (e.g., Histoplasma) are spherical in tissue but appear as molds in the environment.
- Endemic fungi (e.g., Coccidioides) are not part of the normal human microbiota and infect hosts preferentially by inhalation.
- Opportunistic fungi (e.g., Candida and Aspergillus) invade the host from normal sites of colonization (e.g., mucous membranes or the GI tract).
- Definitive diagnosis of any fungal infection requires histopathologic identification of the fungus invading tissue and accompanying evidence of an inflammatory response.
- Other tests that detect antigens (e.g., for Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus) or antibody (e.g., for Coccidioides) have different degrees of specificity and sensitivity.
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Citation
Kasper, Dennis L., et al., editors. "Chapter 108: Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections." Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20th ed., McGraw Hill Inc., 2020. harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623019/all/Chapter_108:_Pneumocystis_Pneumonia__Candidiasis__and_Other_Fungal_Infections.
Chapter 108: Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections. In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, et al, eds. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623019/all/Chapter_108:_Pneumocystis_Pneumonia__Candidiasis__and_Other_Fungal_Infections. Accessed November 10, 2024.
Chapter 108: Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections. (2020). In Kasper, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., Jameson, J. L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.), Harrison's Manual of Medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill Inc.. https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623019/all/Chapter_108:_Pneumocystis_Pneumonia__Candidiasis__and_Other_Fungal_Infections
Chapter 108: Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections [Internet]. In: Kasper DLD, Fauci ASA, Hauser SLS, Longo DLD, Jameson JLJ, Loscalzo JJ, editors. Harrison's Manual of Medicine. McGraw Hill Inc.; 2020. [cited 2024 November 10]. Available from: https://harrisons.unboundmedicine.com/harrisons/view/Harrisons-Manual-of-Medicine/623019/all/Chapter_108:_Pneumocystis_Pneumonia__Candidiasis__and_Other_Fungal_Infections.
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