ECTOPARASITES

Ectoparasites are arthropods or helminths that infest the skin or hair of animals, from which they derive sustenance and shelter. These organisms can inflict direct injury, elicit hypersensitivity, or inoculate toxins or pathogens.

There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.

All content is protected by copyright and may not be used for AI model training or other unauthorized purposes.