Chapter 209: Smoking Cessation

Over 480,000 individuals die prematurely each year in the United States from cigarette use: one out of every five deaths nationwide. Approximately 40% of smokers will die prematurely unless they are able to quit; risks of major diseases caused by cigarette smoking are listed in Table 209-1.

TABLE 209-1: Relative Risks for Current Smokers of Cigarettes
AGE	35–44	45–64	65–74	≥75
Males
Lung cancer	14.33	19.03	28.29	22.51
Coronary heart disease	3.88	2.99	2.76	1.98
Cerebrovascular disease	2.17	1.48	1.23	1.12
Other vascular diseases			7.25	4.93
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)			29.69	23.01
All causes	2.55	2.97	3.02	2.40
Females
Lung cancer	13.30	18.95	23.65	23.08
Other tobacco-related cancers	1.28	2.08	2.06	1.93
Coronary heart disease	4.98	3.25	3.29	2.25
Cerebrovascular disease	2.27	1.70	1.24	1.10
Other vascular diseases			6.81	5.77
COPD			38.89	20.96
All causes	1.79	2.63	2.87	2.47
Relative risks for selected other cancers
Other cancers	Male		Female
Larynx	14.6		13
Lip, oral cavity, pharynx	10.9		5.1
Esophagus	6.8		7.8
Bladder	3.3		2.2
Kidney	2.7		1.3
Pancreas	2.3		2.3
Stomach	2		1.4
Liver	1.7		1.7
Colorectal	1.2		1.2
Cervix			1.6
Acute myeloid leukemia	1.4		1.4

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